Warna's Journal

 Rate Limiting in HTTP: Rate limiting is a strategy used to control the rate of incoming requests to a server. It is implemented to prevent abuse, protect against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and ensure fair usage of resources. By imposing limits on the number of requests a client can make within a specific time frame, rate limiting helps maintain system stability and availability.  Key Concepts: 1.  Rate Limiting Algorithms:     - Various algorithms can be employed for rate limiting, such as Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, or Fixed Window. These algorithms determine how requests are counted and throttled. 2.  Request Quotas:     - Servers often define request quotas for different API endpoints or resources. Clients exceeding these quotas may face temporary or permanent restrictions. 3.  HTTP Status Codes:     - When rate limits are exceeded, servers typically respond with HTTP status codes indicating the limit status...

  How is authentication handled in AMQP and MQTT? AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) are messaging protocols used for building distributed systems. Both protocols primarily focus on communication patterns and efficient message delivery, and they don't inherently provide authentication mechanisms. However, the underlying transport layers or broker implementations often handle authentication and security. Authentication in AMQP: AMQP is a messaging protocol that defines a set of wire-level protocols and rules for communication between messaging clients and brokers. Authentication in AMQP is typically handled at the transport layer or by the broker. Here are common methods for authentication: 1. Transport-Level Security (TLS/SSL): - AMQP can operate over a secure transport layer (TLS/SSL), providing encryption and authentication. In this case, clients authenticate the server through certificates, and optionally, servers can requ...

When an HTTP request is initiated by a client and sent to a server, several steps take place in the process. Here is a high-level overview of the steps involved: 1. DNS Resolution:    - The client resolves the domain name in the request to an IP address using the Domain Name System (DNS). 2. TCP Handshake:    - The client establishes a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connection with the server. This involves a three-way handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK. 3. HTTP Request Generation:    - The client constructs an HTTP request based on the user's action (e.g., clicking a link or submitting a form). The request includes the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc.), headers, and the requested resource (URL). 4. Request Transmission:    - The client sends the HTTP request to the server over the established TCP connection. 5. Server Receives Request:    - The server receives the incoming HTTP request. 6. Server Parses Request:    - The server...